Arthur Llewellyn Basham wasn’t just a historian; he was a bridge between cultures, bringing to life the intricate tapestry of ancient Indian civilization for the Western world. Born on May 24, 1914, in the charming city of Loughton, Essex, Basham's life was marked by a passion for history and a quest for understanding India's rich culture. This quest led him to write the influential book The Wonder That Was India in 1954, a pivotal work that showcased India’s vast contributions to the world. Basham worked in numerous esteemed institutions, both in the UK and India, contributing significantly to the field of Indology.
Growing up in a UK that was recovering from World War I, Basham's curiosity about global cultures was stirred early on. He initially started his academic journey in languages at the University of London, where he first encountered the rich traditions of India. His commitment to academia soon led to a focus in Asian studies. Basham passionately believed that understanding diverse cultures, like India's, was crucial in a post-war world where people were yearning for connection and mutual respect.
His most esteemed masterpiece, The Wonder That Was India, is still a must-read for those new to Indian culture. Basham expertly wove together the strands of history, religion, art, and philosophy into a story that excited both academics and casual readers. While today’s Gen Z might be justifiably skeptical about older texts given the colonial hangovers, Basham’s work stands out. Perhaps it was his knack for storytelling or his genuine respect for the subject that resonated.
Basham played an important role in reshaping perspectives by emphasizing India’s intellectual contributions, at a time when Western narratives often overlooked these. He worked under circumstances that demanded great sensitivity, balancing the portrayal of fascinating cultural complexities with academic rigor. Despite his work receiving widespread acclaim, some critics have raised concerns about the Eurocentric lens prevalent in early Indological studies.
It is important to critically assess how Basham’s work fits into the larger colonial context. Some argue that his interpretations may have come from a viewpoint that could unintentionally skew interpretations to fit Western readers. This has sparked debates on the responsibility historians have in their portrayals and the potential for bias, regardless of intent. Yet, many agree that Basham’s genuine artistic respect and personal admiration for Indian civilization set him apart.
After the release of his seminal book, Basham’s career took him to India, where he embraced the opportunity to teach at the University of Delhi. Here, he found a community of like-minded scholars and students, both Indian and international. His decades-spanning career also included influential tenures at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London and the Australian National University, where he left lasting impressions.
Basham’s reach extended beyond academia into a broader public consciousness, likely inspiring generations to pursue studies in South Asian history and culture. He catalyzed conversations about cultural exchange and mutual respect—ideas that are ever so relevant today. While some might argue that his interpretations didn’t fully escape the biases of his time, Basham’s commitment to showcasing the depth of Indian culture opened doors for more nuanced explorations.
Even as academia and social discourse have evolved, and rightly so, to critique and improve upon past narratives, there remains a sincere appreciation for Basham’s contributions. His work fuelled a deeper understanding and an enthusiastic appreciation of India's civilizational achievements—values that are timeless.
As Gen Z navigates an increasingly globalized world, the lessons Basham unintentionally highlights—compassionate inquiry, respect for diverse cultures, and questioning dominant narratives—are crucial. His pursuit of a broader understanding of a world beyond his own challenges us to do the same.
Arthur Llewellyn Basham passed away on January 27, 1986, leaving behind a legacy built on curiosity and an unwavering dedication to celebrating the diversity of human civilization. His journey reminds us of the power of history in bridging divides and fostering a more connected and empathetic world.